Optimalisasi Teknik Throw in Sepakbola Berbasis Analisis Sudut Lemparan dan Kecepatan Gerak Lengan

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between throwing angle and arm movement velocity on throw-in distance in soccer and to evaluate the limitations of a two-variable biomechanical model in predicting throw-in performance. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The participants consisted of 15 soccer players. Data on throwing angle and arm movement velocity were obtained through video analysis using Kinovea software, while throw-in distance was measured as an indicator of throwing performance. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, a normality test, Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that throwing angle was not significantly related to throw-in distance (r = −0.031; p = 0.912). Similarly, arm movement velocity did not show a significant relationship with throw-in distance (r = −0.051; p = 0.858). The regression analysis yielded an R² value of 0.007, indicating that the two variables jointly explained only 0.7% of the variation in throw-in distance. The longest throw-in distance, 17.37 m, was achieved with a throwing angle of 36.76° and an arm movement velocity of 2.36. These findings indicate that throw-in distance cannot be adequately explained by throwing angle and arm movement velocity alone, highlighting the theoretical limitations of simple two-variable biomechanical models. Therefore, optimizing the throw-in technique should move beyond isolated segmental parameters and transition toward a multidimensional research agenda focusing on kinetic chain coordination, release velocity, release height, and whole-body biomechanical integration.