SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga

Efektivitas FIFA 11+ untuk Peningkatan Kelincahan dan Keseimbangan pada Pemain Sepak Bola: Literature Review

Sulis Lestari — 2025-10-16

FIFA 11+ is a structured warm-up program developed by the FIFA Medical and Research Center (F-MARC) to prevent injuries and enhance physical performance in football players. This literature review aims to analyze the effectiveness of FIFA 11+ in improving agility and balance in football players. The study applied a literature review method using scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Findings from eleven reviewed articles consistently indicate that FIFA 11+ significantly improves dynamic balance and agility, while also contributing to the reduction of injury risk, particularly in the lower extremities. The program has proven effective across various age groups, both amateur and professional players, and is suitable for daily warm-up routines to support performance and prevent injuries.

Analisis Statistik Kecemasan dan Kemampuan Dasar pada Ekstrakurikuler Basket Putra di SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo

Garin AJi Winata — 2025-10-16

The purpose of this study is to examine and identify the levels of anxiety and basic basketball skills among male students participating in the basketball extracurricular at SMA Negeri 1 Sukoharjo. This research is expected that accurate data can be obtained regarding the relationship between anxiety levels and the mastery of fundamental basketball techniques among students. This study employs a descriptive statistical approach. The sampling technique used is total sampling, with data collected through an anxiety level test and a basic basketball skill assessment. Based on the results of the anxiety and basic skill assessments, the majority of participants were in the "moderate" category, with a percentage of 38.78% or 19 students. The lowest category for anxiety was "very low," with 8.16% or 4 students. Regarding basic skill levels, most participants fell into the "average" category, with 34.69% or 17 students. The lowest categories, "very poor" and "poor," each accounted for 0% or no participants. These findings indicate that out of 49 participants, only six students exhibited very high anxiety levels, while only three students demonstrated basic basketball skills categorized as excellent.

Analisis Minat Siswa Sekolah Dasar terhadap Ekstrakurikuler Renang Ditinjau dari Faktor Eksternal

Valia Stania — 2025-10-27

This study aims to investigate the level of interest of 3^rd and 4^th grade students at Muhammadiyah 4 Elementary School Surabaya in participating in swimming extracurricular activities, analyze differences in interest based on gender, and examine the role of parental support, peers, facilities, and coaches in shaping student interest. The type of research used is non-experimental research with a quantitative descriptive method. The sampling technique used was total sampling, while data analysis used SPSS software with quantitative descriptive methods, Likert scale, t-test, linear regression, ANOVA, and post-hoc test. The study's results indicate a very high (60%) level of student interest. This interest was significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by parental support, peers, availability of facilities, and the role of coaches, with the coach factor being the most dominant. Additionally, the study revealed a difference in interest between male and female students, with female students demonstrating a higher level of interest than male students. Thus, it can be concluded that effective swimming extracurricular coaching cannot rely solely on students' intrinsic interest but is also influenced by extrinsic support that can create a positive, inclusive, and enjoyable learning environment for all students.

Peningkatan Ketepatan Passing Bawah dengan Menggunakan Media Papan Gantung pada Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bolavoli Putra SMA

Wahyu Putor Wibowo — 2025-11-06

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using hanging board media in improving the accuracy of underhand passing among male volleyball extracurricular students at SMAN 1 Parengan. The research employed a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest experimental design. A total of 22 students were selected as the sample using purposive sampling. The instrument used was an underhand passing skill test, conducted before and after the training program that involved the application of the hanging board media for 12 sessions. Data analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in underhand passing accuracy following the intervention. These findings indicate that the use of a hanging board is an effective training method to enhance fundamental underhand passing skills among high school volleyball players.

Pengembangan Permainan Latakar sebagai Media Latihan Karate

Ocha Nurul Annisa — 2025-11-17

The study aims to develop and produce a suitable, interesting, and student-friendly LATAKAR (Karate Snakes and Ladders) game-based learning medium. This medium is designed to strengthen student engagement and motivation to master basic karate techniques through a fun and interactive approach. The study is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the ADDIE development model. The research population consisted of 80 karate extracurricular students at SDN Lidah Kulon 1/464 Surabaya, with 50 students selected as samples using purposive sampling. The research instruments included a material expert validation sheet, a media expert validation sheet, and a student response questionnaire regarding the product. The data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using the feasibility percentage technique. The results showed that the LATAKAR game media obtained an expert validation score of 97.5% (very feasible category) and a student response score of 96.85% (very positive category), with no recommendations for revision from the validators. This media proved to be valid, practical, and interesting for use in karate training in elementary schools because it was able to combine elements of educational games, physical activities, and student character.

The Impact of Positive Self-Talk on the Self-Confidence Levels of East Java Wushu Athletes

Muhammad Daffa Golden Boy — 2025-11-20

The purpose of this study was to examine how positive self-talk affects the self-confidence levels of East Java wushu athletes. This study used a quantitative approach with a single-group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. Purposive sampling was used to select 23 senior wushu athletes who met the inclusion criteria. The data collection method was the Athlete Self-Confidence Scale, which was based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory and had been tested for reliability and content validity with a Cronbach's Alpha value of at least 0.7. Over four weeks, positive self-talk intervention was provided through eight training sessions that focused on cognitive regulation and positive affirmations. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001), with a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 8.70), after data analysis using a paired sample t-test. The results indicate that positive self-talk significantly improves the self-confidence of wushu athletes. These findings highlight the importance of using psychological strategies in athlete training, especially in sports such as wushu, which require mental stability and high concentration.

Survey of Student Confidence Level in Extracurricular Pencak Silat

Dimas Bagus Sutrisno — 2025-11-20

This study aims to determine the level of confidence of female students and motivate female students in extracurricular pencak silat activities at MTs Negeri 7 Malang. In this study, the sample used consisted of 42people. The research data were analyzed using descriptive calculations and percentages. By finding the mean and standard deviation, this study was used to assess and measure the test levels and measurements in the study. There are several criteria for determining the level of self-confidence, self-ability and self-confidence, optimism, responsibility, rationality, and objectivity. Female students who participate in extracurricular activities are the subjects of this study. Questionnaire data, namely questionnaires, were used in this study to find and collect data. Field surveys were the method or approach used in this study. The results of this study show that the level of self-confidence of students participating in pencak silat extracurricular activities at MTs Negeri 7 in Malang City is in the high category, with 29 people (73%) at that level.

Efektivitas Latihan Shuttle Sprint pada Kelincahan Pemain Bola Basket

Rizkhi Juni Setyawan — 2025-11-20

The purpose of this study was to determine whether shuttle sprint training helps basketball players become more agile. A one-group pretest-posttest design experiment was the research method used in this study. Shuttle running was used to assess the agility of the research participants before and after being given treatment. Using SPSS 24.0, data analysis was performed using t-tests, homogeneity tests, and normality tests. The agility of basketball players increased significantly, as evidenced by their average pretest score of 11.4 and posttest score of 10.7. The t-test produced a calculated t of 4.135 > t table 2.447 with a significance of 0.005 (<0.05), indicating that the agility of basketball players was significantly affected by shuttle sprint training. Consequently, shuttle sprint training is a useful technique for improving agility skills in both daily physical activities and competitive sports.

Sumber Efikasi Diri Atlet Basket Junior: Peran Pengalaman Keberhasilan dan Pengalaman Vikarius?

Nathaniel Richard Wasistha Putra — 2025-11-23

Self-efficacy is an important psychological aspect that influences athletic performance. This study aims to examine the relationship between success experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological-emotional conditions with self-efficacy in junior basketball players aged 14–18 years. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey design involving 122 active athletes from the CLS Knight Surabaya club. Data were collected using adapted self-efficacy and self-efficacy source scales, then analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression. The results showed that all four variables were simultaneously and significantly related to self-efficacy (R = 0.706; F = 29.09; p < 0.01). However, partially, only vicarious experience (β = 0.397; p < 0.001) and success experience (β = 0.265; p = 0.002) were significant. These findings emphasize the importance of direct experience and model observation in shaping the self-efficacy of young athletes.

Peningkatan Akurasi Umpan Melalui Permainan Target pada Sepak Takraw

Faiz Faozi — 2025-11-23

This study examined the effect of a target-game training model on passing accuracy among extracurricular sepak takraw participants at SMA Negeri 1 Parungkuda. An experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was employed (n = 8). Passing skill was assessed with a standardized test, and data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests after assumption checks. Results revealed a significant improvement in passing accuracy following the intervention: mean scores increased from 26.75 to 32.62 (a gain of 5.88 points ≈ 22.0%), t(7) = 7.668; p < .001; with a large effect size (d = 2.71). These findings indicate that a well-designed, representative target-game approach is effective for enhancing passing precision in a secondary-school context.

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Status Gizi pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 41 Surabaya

2025-11-24

Nutritional status is influenced by several factors, both directly and indirectly, one of which is physical activity. Physical activity plays an important role in maintaining nutritional balance and preventing obesity. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity levels and nutritional status of ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 41 Surabaya. This study is a quantitative study with a correlational research design. The population studied was 216 ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 41 Surabaya. The sample was selected using a random sampling technique, resulting in 50 students. Sampling was carried out using a cluster sampling technique. The research instrument used the PAQ-A questionnaire to measure physical activity levels and BMI/A to measure nutritional status. Data analysis was carried out using cross-tabulation tests and Kendall's tau-b correlation tests. The results showed that the majority of students had low levels of physical activity (54%) and most students showed good nutritional status (56%). The results of the study showed no significant relationship between physical activity and nutritional status in ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 41 Surabaya (p-0.381: p>0.05). Low physical activity does not always indicate a positive association with poor nutritional status, but it is still important to increase physical activity to maintain physical fitness and health.

Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi dan Sosial Demografi terhadap Tingkat Partisipasi Siswa dalam Ekstrakurikuler Bulutangkis

2025-11-27

This study aims to determine the influence of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors on student participation in badminton extracurricular activities at MTsN 1 Mojokerto. This study uses quantitative research with a correlational descriptive design. The subjects in this study were all students who participated in badminton extracurricular activities at MTsN 1 Mojokerto, totaling 34 students consisting of 20 males and 14 females. The instrument used was a questionnaire in the form of closed statements using a four-point Likert scale. Data analysis techniques involved several stages, including descriptive analysis, prerequisite testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors influence student participation in badminton extracurricular activities. This can be proven by the results of the socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables obtaining a Sig. value of 0.000 < 0.05 and an F-count value of 19.343 > F-table of 3.30. These findings imply that schools need to develop inclusive policies that take into account students' socioeconomic backgrounds, such as providing sports equipment assistance for underprivileged students, adjusting training schedules, and increasing motivation through a personal approach from guidance counselors. Future researchers are advised to expand the research variables to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence student participation in extracurricular sports activities in secondary education.

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Tradisional Sasak dengan Partisipasi Aktif Siswa dalam PJOK Sekolah Dasar

Muhammad Teguh Prasetyo — 2025-11-28

This study aims to analyze the relationship between traditional Sasak physical activities and students' active participation in Physical Education (PJOK) learning in elementary schools. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method, involving 40 students of SDN 2 Bagik Payung Selatan who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a Likert scale questionnaire that included indicators of traditional physical activities and students' active participation. The results of the analysis showed an average of 71% of traditional physical activities with the highest indicator being traditional games (74%), while students' active participation in PJOK learning averaged 72% with the highest indicator being compliance and discipline (75%). The normality test produced a significance value of 0.993 indicating normally distributed data, a linearity test of 0.003 indicating a linear relationship, and a Pearson correlation test yielded r = 0.463 with p = 0.003 indicating a significant positive relationship between the two variables. These findings confirm that traditional Sasak physical activities contribute significantly to increasing students' active participation, both in physical, social, and emotional aspects, and serve as an important basis for the development of contextual and sustainable local culture-based PJOK learning.

Analisis Hubungan Meditasi dalam Latihan Karate terhadap Konsentrasi dan Ketenangan Atlet Karate Lombok Tengah

Novandi Firdaus Yusup — 2025-12-02

This study aims to analyse the relationship between meditation in karate training and the level of concentration and calmness among karate athletes in Central Lombok Regency. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, involving 60 active karate athletes selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a Likert scale to measure the intensity of meditation, concentration, and calmness of the athletes. The data were analysed using descriptive, normality, linearity, and Pearson correlation tests to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. The results indicate that meditation has a very strong positive relationship with the improvement of concentration and calmness among athletes. Regular meditation practice has been proven to enhance focus, stabilise emotions, and maintain athletes’ mental balance when facing training and competitive pressures. Therefore, meditation plays an essential role as an integral element in karate training, not only emphasising physical strength but also developing mental resilience and shaping athletes’ calm, focused, and determined character.

Analisis Tingkat Kecemasan dalam Menghadapi Pertandingan pada Atlet Arung Jeram di Kota Pontianak

2025-12-03

This study aims to analyze the anxiety levels of whitewater rafting athletes from Faji Kota Pontianak before competitions. Anxiety is a psychological factor that can influence athlete performance in terms of thinking, body reactions, and confidence. The research used a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach and total sampling. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the CSAI-2 questionnaire combined with confidence indicators, involving 14 athletes as respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on three indicators: cognitive anxiety, physiological anxiety, and self-confidence. Results showed that most athletes had a “high” anxiety level (35.71%), while only 7.14% were in the “low” category. A few athletes fell into the “very low,” “moderate,” and “very high” categories. These results show that anxiety remains a psychological challenge for athletes in competition preparation. The findings can help coaches design training programs that focus more on mental and psychological readiness.

Hubungan Sedentary Lifestyle terhadap Minat Olahraga pada Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar

Syamsul Darmawan — 2025-12-08

Activity carried out after sleeping is called sedentary behavior. Therefore, to engage in sports activities, we must have the intention or desire for these sports activities to be carried out. This non-experimental quantitative research does not control or manipulate the variables. The study was conducted on elementary school students in Lalabata District. The population in this study was all sixth-grade students in 4 schools in Lalabata District, and sampling used purposive sampling with a sample of 108 students. After data collection, the data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. The results of the 2-tailed sig. have a sig. 2-tailed value > 0.05, which is 0.08. Therefore, from these calculations, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and sports interest in sixth-grade elementary school students in Lalabata District. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and sports interest in sixth-grade elementary school students in Lalabata District. Researchers can use the findings of this study to identify the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and other variables that may influence and relate to each other.

Pengaruh Massage Olahraga Berbasis Pemulihan Terarah terhadap Adaptasi Fisik, Regulasi Emosi, dan Kesiapan Kompetitif Atlet

Agus Salam — 2025-12-08

This study aims to analyze the effect of directed recovery-based sports massage on physical adaptation, emotional regulation, and competitive readiness of athletes. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) method. The study sample consisted of 30 athletes consisting of 11 soccer athletes, 9 male volleyball athletes, and 10 male futsal athletes. The research instrument used a Likert scale with 20 indicators representing four latent constructs: directed sports massage (MOT), physical adaptation (AF), emotional regulation (RE), and competitive readiness (KK). The results showed that directed sports massage had no significant effect on physical adaptation or emotional regulation. Physical adaptation was shown to have a positive and significant effect on emotional regulation, but did not significantly affect competitive readiness. Meanwhile, emotional regulation did not show a significant effect on competitive readiness of athletes. These findings indicate that sports massage has not provided a direct contribution to competitive readiness, and competitive readiness is more influenced by other factors outside the variables studied.

Pengaruh Metode Latihan Hill Repeat terhadap Vo2max Lari Jarak Menengah 2400 Meter pada Club Atlet Vira Perkasa

Ragil Untung Sutrisno — 2025-12-09

The 2400-meter middle-distance run is often used to assess an athlete's cardiovascular endurance. VO₂max is an important indicator of an athlete's performance in middle-distance running. This study aimed to examine the effect of hill repeat training on increasing VO₂max in middle-distance runners from the Vira Perkasa Club. The method used was an experimental study with a single-group pre-test and post-test design on 25 athletes aged 20 to 22 years. Hill repeat training was conducted for two months, twice a week at an intensity of 75 to 85 percent of maximum capacity. VO₂max was measured using a 2400-meter run test before and after training. The analysis using a paired sample t-test showed a significant increase in VO₂max (p < 0.05) after hill repeat training. Thus, hill repeat training is proven effective in improving VO₂max and athlete performance in middle-distance running. Further research with a larger sample size and a wider variety of training options is recommended, measured through a 2400-meter run test before and after the intervention. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significant increase in VO₂max values (p < 0.05) following the hill repeat training. Thus, hill repeat training is proven effective in enhancing VO₂max and middle-distance running performance.

Survei Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani pada Pembinaan Prestasi Senam Aerobic Mahasiswa Pendididkan Jasmani Menggunakan Tes Kebugaran Jasmani Indonesia

Wulan Sari — 2025-12-10

The body's ability to perform physical activities optimally is known as physical fitness. The Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) was used in this study to determine if students enrolled in physical education had improved their physical fitness. This research uses a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research subjects consisted of regular Physical Education students. The results of the survey that has been conducted show a significant improvement in student performance. Nevertheless, the level of physical fitness among Physical Education students is still dominated by the moderate category. Out of a total sample of 8 students, or 47.05%, were categorized as good, while 9 students, or 52.95%, were in the average category. This finding indicates that despite progress, most students still need to improve their physical fitness to achieve a better category. It can be concluded that the physical fitness results for the 2024 batch are categorized as moderate.

Profil Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar melalui TKSI Fase B: Studi Deskriptif di SDN Ambunten Timur Sumenep

2025-12-12

This study aims to describe the physical fitness profile of students at SDN Ambunten Timur Sumenep through the Indonesian Student Physical Fitness Test (TKSI) Phase B. The method used is a quantitative descriptive approach, with a sample of 43 students (25 male and 18 female) from grades 3 and 4. This study employed five types of physical fitness tests, including: V Sit and Reach, Half Up Test, Hand & Eye Coordination, T Test, and 6-minute Lap Run with Ball. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to obtain mean, median, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. The results showed that the physical fitness level of students at SDN Ambunten Timur generally falls within the good category, with similar average test results between male and female students, although slight differences were found in some components. This study concludes that while there is variation among students, the existing physical education program is relatively effective, but it still needs improvement to reduce the gap between high-performing and low-performing students.

Hubungan Body Image dan Kondisi Fisik dengan Tingkat Percaya Diri Atlet Olahraga Fighting SMA Negeri Olahraga Jawa Timur

2025-12-15

This study aims to analyze the relationship between body image and physical condition with the level of self-confidence of high school athletes in fighting sports in East Java. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon that even though many athletes achieve success at various levels, their self-confidence does not always correspond with their body image or physical condition. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The sample consists of 38 athletes in fighting sports. The instruments used included the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-16B), a self-confidence questionnaire, and a physical condition test covering strength, speed, endurance, and agility. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression tests using SPSS 26. The results showed that body image and physical condition, both simultaneously and partially, did not have a significant effect on the athletes' self-confidence. The R² value of 0.046 indicates that only 4.6% of the variation in self-confidence is explained by these two variables. These findings indicate that athletes' self-confidence is more influenced by other factors such as competition experience, social support, coaching leadership, and lifestyle. This study emphasizes the importance of holistic coaching in sports schools that pay attention to physical, psychological, and social aspects.

Model Pembelajaran Adaptif Berbasis Game dalam PJOK untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Motorik Siswa SMK

Irpan Abdurahman — 2025-12-15

This study aims to develop and evaluate an adaptive game-based learning model designed to improve motor skills among vocational high school students. The participants consisted of 30 tenth-grade students from the Computer and Network Engineering program at SMK Pembangunan Cibadak. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach by simplifying the Borg and Gall model into five key phases: needs analysis, model design, expert validation, limited trials, and final product refinement. The motor skill assessment instrument included indicators of basketball dribbling, a 10-meter sprint, and tennis ball throw–catch coordination. The results showed consistent improvement in students’ motor skills between the pretest and posttest, with an average increase of 21.3%. Expert validation categorized the developed model as “highly feasible” for use in Physical Education (PJOK) instruction. Overall, the adaptive game-based learning model succeeded in creating a more engaging, flexible, and effective learning experience, contributing significantly to students' motor skill development and learning engagement.

Hubungan Asupan dan Persepsi Kebutuhan Cairan terhadap Status Hidrasi Atlet Basket Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura

Khaliq Al-A’raf La Ode — 2025-12-15

Dehydration is a common issue that frequently occurs during physical activity and can impair athletic performance, including among basketball athletes of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tanjungpura (FK Untan). This condition may affect both training capacity and competitive achievement. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fluid intake and perceived fluid needs with hydration status among FK Untan basketball athletes. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 15 athletes as research participants. Data were collected through body weight measurements before and after training, questionnaires, and a 24-hour Estimated Food Record. Spearman’s correlation test revealed a strong positive association between fluid intake and hydration status (p = 0.001; r = 0.764). Conversely, perceived fluid needs showed no significant association with hydration status (p = 0.165). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that fluid intake plays an important role in determining athletes’ hydration status, whereas perceived fluid needs do not demonstrate a significant correlation with actual hydration conditionsTop of Form.

Dengan Aktivitas Fisik Apa bisa mengontrol Diabetes Mellitus: Tinjuan Sistematis

2025-12-18

The purpose of this article review research is to examine and analyze the impact of physical activity on controlling diabetes mellitus, and what types of physical activity can be used to control diabetes mellitus. The methods used to complete this article are Google Scholar, Scopus.com, Elsevier, Mendeley.com, and ResearchGate databases. To obtain articles using the keywords Physical Activity, Aerobic Exercise, Walking, Swimming, Cycling, Treadmill, T1DM, T2DM, published from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained from 19 articles indicate that physical activity can control diabetes mellitus. The conclusion of this article review shows that physical activity can control diabetes mellitus. For example, physical activity such as walking for 6 minutes daily at low to moderate intensity for 2 consecutive weeks resulted in a decrease in blood sugar levels in a diabetes mellitus patient. Exercise for 5 consecutive days, 30 minutes a day, with dietary control for diabetes mellitus patients, was proven to reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients. This article review study provides an overview that controlled physical activity in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus can have a positive impact on the control of diabetes mellitus.

Pengaruh Pemberian Reward terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran PJOK di SMK PGRI 3 Kediri

Titto Dwi Prastyo — 2025-12-21

Motivation is a crucial factor that needs to be considered in learning, especially in subjects such as PJOK. Motivation plays an important role in determining success in learning. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the influence of giving rewards on increasing student learning motivation in PJOK learning at SMK PGRI 3 Kediri, and the population studied is all students of SMK PGRI 3 Kediri. The sample was taken using a random sampling technique so that 27 students were obtained. The research instrument used a pre-test and post-test questionnaire with a student learning motivation questionnaire and a reward questionnaire, to measure the level of influence of giving rewards on increasing student learning motivation. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 27, to test the paired t-test to determine whether there is an influence of giving rewards on student learning motivation. The results show a significance value of T count > T table, namely 6950 > 1705 on the student learning motivation questionnaire, and on the reward giving questionnaire, T count > T table, namely 8703 > 1705. And the Sig. value (2-tailed) on all test questionnaires is 0.001. It was stated that there was a significant influence on giving rewards on students' learning motivation in PJOK learning at SMK PGRI 3 Kediri.

Efektivitas Model Project-Based Learning Terintegrasi STEM dalam Peningkatan Motivasi Siswa pada Pembelajaran PJOK

Rahayu Prasetiyo — 2025-12-21

This research evaluates the effectiveness of a STEM-integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in enhancing students’ motivation in Physical Education (PJOK), particularly in the rounders (kasti) unit. Utilizing a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, the study involved 30 fifth-grade students at SDN Mayangan selected through total sampling. The motivation questionnaire measured both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors. Results from the normality test confirmed that the data were normally distributed, and the paired sample t-test showed a significant improvement in motivation following the intervention (p = 0.000). Students’ average motivation scores increased from 37.30 to 40.47, demonstrating that the STEM-integrated PjBL model effectively boosts learning motivation.

Pengembangan Pembelajaran Softball melalui Permainan Kasball di Sekolah Menengah Atas

Arsadewa — 2025-12-22

This research developed a softball learning model through Kasball, a modification of kasti and softball. The products include a bat, a teaching module, and a guidebook. The development applied the R&D method, validated by experts, and tested with PE teachers, small student groups, and large student groups at Gloria 1 Senior High School Surabaya. Validation results from subject and design experts reached 80.77% (highly feasible) and 93.75% (excellent), while trials with teachers and students also showed excellent results above 94%. Thus, Kasball and its supporting materials are considered highly feasible and effective as a safer, more engaging, and innovative alternative for softball learning.

Karakteristik Psikologis yang Mendukung Kesuksesan Masa Depan Atlet Berbakat: Literature Review

Mohammad Irfan Maulana — 2025-12-22

This study aims to explore the role of psychology as a key factor in the identification of sports talent which is closely related to achievement and the training process in sports. In the world of sports, talent development is not only determined by physiological factors and technical skills, but also by psychological aspects such as motivation, self-confidence, mental resilience, and emotional regulation. The research method used in this study is the Literature Review (LR), which identifies and analyzes empirical findings from various published studies on the relationship between psychological factors, physiological factors and technical skills. The results of this study indicate that psychological aspects play a crucial role in shaping sports performance and assist in the selection and development of talented athletes.

Pengaruh Modifikasi Permainan Basdor terhadap Motivasi dan Minat Belajar Dribbling Bola Basket Siswa MAN 8 Jombang

Novita Nur Synthiawati — 2025-12-23

Basdor is a modification of the basketball game combined with gobak sodor, which modifies the field, number of players, gameplay, playing time, and uses a ball. The research problem in this study is whether there is an influence of the modified basdor game on the motivation and interest in learning basketball dribbling among 10th-grade students of MAN 8 Jombang. The objective of this research is to determine the influence of the basdor game on the motivation and interest in learning basketball dribbling among 10th-grade students of MAN 8 Jombang. The method used in this study is pre-experimental design. The research design employed is a one-group pretest-posttest design, which means that the research activity involves an initial test (pretest) before treatment, and after the treatment is administered, a final test (posttest) is conducted. The one-group pretest-posttest design consists of one predetermined group with no control group. Based on the results of calculations using prerequisite tests, namely descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing, the hypothesis test results show a t-value of 5.850 and a t-table value of 1.711. Thus, the t-value of 5.850 is greater than the t-table value of 1.711. Therefore, there is an influence of the modified basdor game on the motivation and interest in learning among 10th-grade students of MAN 8 Jombang.

Analisis Peran Pelatih dalam Pengembangan Mental Juara

Amalia Dhiaul Haq — 2025-12-23

This study analyzes the role of coaches in developing athletes’ champion mentality, emphasizing that sports achievements are not solely determined by physical and technical abilities but are also strongly influenced by mental toughness, motivation, and self-confidence. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including questionnaires, observations, and interviews. The focus of the study covers the role of coaches as psychological mentors, motivators in building self-confidence, as well as enforcers of discipline and mental resilience. The findings indicate that coaches play a crucial role in shaping athletes’ champion mentality, not only by providing technical guidance but also by serving as psychological mentors, motivators, and trainers of discipline and mental toughness. These results are expected to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological dimensions of coaching while identifying best practices to cultivate athletes who excel physically and possess a strong champion mentality.

Analisis Komparatif Efektivitas dan Strategi Blocking pada Middle Blocker, Opposite Hitter, dan Outside Hitter dalam Bolavoli

Deni Rahman Marpaung — 2025-12-23

Blocking is one of the most decisive survival skills in modern volleyball because it directly influences rally outcomes and the tactical momentum of the game. Each player position, namely Middle Blocker (MB), Opposite Hitter (OPP), and Outside Hitter (OH), has different technical, tactical, and cognitive demands. However, previous research has tended to discuss blocking ability in general without considering positional differences. This study aims to systematically review recent literature to compare the effectiveness of blocking, tactical strategies, and performance determinants for the MB, OPP, and OH positions at the elite level. The systematic review method was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines, with searches in five databases: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Analysis of the article reveals a clear hierarchy of positions. MB players have the highest block success rate, followed by OPP and OH. Success factors include reaction time, lateral agility, vertical jump ability, hand technique, and tactical intelligence. The analysis results show a clear hierarchy regarding block effectiveness, with MB players having the highest block success rate, followed by OPP and OH. Block success is influenced by several key factors, including reaction time, lateral agility, vertical jump ability, hand technique, and tactical intelligence in reading opponent attacks. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the block is position-specific, so training programs need to be designed differently according to each player's role.

Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Mini Basket terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 6-8 Tahun

Via Diah Rohmana — 2025-12-24

This research analyzes the effectiveness of the mini-basketball model in improving the gross motor skills of children aged 6–8 years. Using a quasi-experimental quantitative method, participants from the 1st grade of SDN Burengan 1 were divided into an experimental group (mini-basketball) and a control group (conventional method). The testing utilized the TGMD-2 instrument, covering pretest, 14 days of treatment, and posttest. The initial results demonstrated homogeneity. Following the treatment, the posttest score of the experimental group increased significantly to 55.10 (gain +13.20), which was substantially higher than the control group (46.80, gain +4.75). Statistical tests confirmed a highly significant increase ($p < 0.001$) in the mini-basketball group.In conclusion, the mini-basketball learning model is proven to be highly effective and substantially superior compared to the conventional method in improving children's gross motor skills, as it is supported by the nature of the activity, which is enjoyable and optimal for motor practice.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Digital Berbasis Flipbook pada Mata Kuliah Pancasila Prodi Penjaskesrek Universitas PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia

I Gusti Ngurah Sudiarta — 2025-12-30

This study focuses on the development of digital teaching materials in a flipbook format for the Pancasila course, targeting first-semester students of the Department of Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (Penjaskesrek) at Universitas PGRI Mahadewa Indonesia for the 2025/2026 Academic Year. This innovation was undertaken to address the need for learning resources that are interactive, engaging, and relevant to the 21st-century context. Utilizing the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), the resulting product underwent rigorous validation. The validation results demonstrated a highly feasible level, with scores of 92% from content experts, 90% from media experts, and 91% from student response trials. These findings indicate that the flipbook is highly effective as a learning medium, receiving positive feedback for its ease of navigation and visual integration, while successfully enhancing student motivation and active participation in comprehending Pancasila values.

Analisis Kinematika Jump Smash pada Olahraga Bolavoli dengan Pendekatan Dua Dimensi Gerak

Ni Luh Gde Widiantari — 2025-12-30

This study investigated the influence of the jump smash technique (with and without approach) on the accuracy and kinematic parameters of volleyball players' movements, utilizing two-dimensional video analysis (Kinovea) on 12 club members. The kinematic analysis results showed significant differences in three key variables: jump height, external shoulder rotation, and backward trunk lean, where the jump smash technique with approach demonstrated superior values. Although the accuracy data indicated a higher average for the technique without approach (3.85 vs. 3.02), the study concluded that the jump smash technique with approach provided a more significant overall impact on both accuracy and changes in kinematic parameters in the players.volleyball club, when compared to the jump smash technique without a run-up.

Perbandingan Latihan Sensorimotor dengan Pemulihan Fisik Konvensional dalam Meningkatkan Stabilitas Atlet Pasca Cedera

Raditya Pratama — 2025-12-31

Sensory-motor training can improve body awareness and better control of body movements, making it important in the recovery of injured athletes. Although sensory-motor training is newer than conventional physical recovery, this approach is beginning to be applied in various rehabilitation clinics and training programs. This study used an experimental design with a quantitative approach involving two groups, each consisting of 6 athletes. A total of 12 athletes from Koni Kota Malang were selected from several selected sports, including soccer, basketball, and volleyball. Overall, the results of this study indicate that sensorimotor training can be an effective alternative in improving body stability, balance, and reaction time in athletes after injury. The results also provide further evidence that technology and methods that integrate sensorimotor aspects can help athletes in the post-injury recovery process. Therefore, it is important to consider the application of sensorimotor training in athlete rehabilitation programs.

Kontribusi Aktivitas Pendidikan Rekreasi terhadap Kesehatan Mental Mahasiswa Semester Akhir Program Studi Pendidikan Jasmani FKIP Universitas PGRI Jombang

Arsika Yunarta — 2025-12-31

This study aims to determine the contribution of recreational education activities to the mental health of final-semester students in the Physical Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), PGRI University of Jombang. The research was motivated by the increasing academic and psychological pressure experienced by students approaching graduation, which requires recreational activities to balance their mental well-being. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The population consisted of all final-semester students in the Physical Education Study Program, with a sample of 60 respondents selected using a proportional random sampling technique. The research instrument was a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression, showing that recreational education activities contributed 47.8% to students’ mental health (r = 0.691; p < 0.05). The findings indicate that higher participation in recreational education activities is associated with better mental health among students. The study concludes that recreational education plays a significant role in maintaining the psychological balance of final-semester students and should be continuously integrated into campus wellness programs.

Analisis Performa Fisik Pemain Bulutangkis Pemula Usia 15-17 Tahun: Studi di Club PB Tangkas WLK Bangkingan

Aprilyan Putra Bimantoro — 2025-12-31

Performance analysis in the sport of badminton is very important to conduct, but it has not been explicitly discussed in academic studies. The main objective of this research is to analyze the physical performance of badminton athletes aged 15-17 years at PB Tangkas WLK Bangkingan Club in Surabaya. Method: This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a total sampling technique, involving 12 adolescent beginner athletes who actively train. The instruments used included speed tests (30-meter run), agility tests (Illinois Agility Test), arm muscle strength (60-second push-ups), abdominal muscle strength (60-second sit-ups), and cardiorespiratory endurance (beep test). The results of the study showed that most athletes fell into the fairly good category in terms of speed and agility, while strength and endurance were components that needed serious improvement. The conclusion regarding the physical performance of beginner athletes aged 15-17 at PB Tangkas Wlk Bangkingan still needs to be improved overall, especially in terms of strength and endurance, in order to support more optimal playing performance. This can be used as a basis for designing a more targeted physical training program.

Analisis Keterampilan Bermain Futsal UKM Bola Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta dengan Nacsport Analysis

Andri Arif Kustiawan — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyse the futsal playing skills of players from the PGRI Yogyakarta University Football Club by utilising Nacsport performance analysis software as the main tool for data collection and interpretation. Futsal playing skills encompass technical, tactical, and game effectiveness aspects that are dynamic and contextual in nature, thus requiring a technology-based evaluation approach to produce an objective and measurable performance picture. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method with data collection through observation of match videos, which are then coded and analysed through the Nacsport system. The focus of the analysis includes passing, dribbling, and shooting abilities, as well as tactical indicators such as attacking positioning and defensive transition. The results of the study show that the players' passing accuracy rate is in the high category, namely 78.4%, which indicates stable coordination and game control abilities. Conversely, the effectiveness of dribbling (62.1%) and shooting (24.7%) shows that performance still needs to be improved, particularly in terms of finishing and the ability to get past opposing players. Tactical analysis reveals an attacking pattern that tends to rely on individual actions, while coordination during defensive transitions remains inconsistent, creating gaps in the defensive area. These findings illustrate that although basic technical components have developed well, tactical aspects and decision-making remain obstacles to achieving optimal performance.

Analisis Ketrampilan Gerak Badminton dengan Media Pembelajaran Virtual Reality (VR) pada Mahasiswa

Bimo Alexander — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze the effect of Virtual Reality (VR) learning media on Badminton motor skills in university students. Virtual Reality (VR) is considered a motor learning innovation that can simulate immersive game situations, thereby improving the quality of visual stimuli, kinesthetics, and motor decisions. The study design used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest model on 30 students participating in the Badminton Student Activity Unit at the University. The assessment instrument included serve, forehand, backhand, and smash tests. The results showed a significant increase in the average motor skill score between before and after the VR intervention, with an average increase of 22.4%. Statistical analysis showed a p value <0.05, which means that VR media is effective in improving Badminton motor skills. These findings indicate that VR is feasible to be implemented as a technology-based motor learning innovation in universities. This study contributes to the development of physical education technology and offers an alternative approach in Badminton learning.

Mapping Kebugaran Jasmani dan Kemampuan Motorik Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Era Aktivitas Minim Gerak

Karlina Dwijayanti — 2025-12-31

This study aims to describe the level of physical fitness and motor skills of elementary school students. The method used is quantitative research with a survey design, involving 60 students as subjects through a total sampling technique. Data collection instruments include the TKJI Instrument used through several types of tests, namely the 40-meter run, the hanging arm strength test with bent elbows, the abdominal muscle strength test while sitting, the explosive power test of the leg muscles in the vertical jump, and the 600-meter running endurance test, as well as motor skills tests that include the standing stork test, sprinting, ball throwing, and shuttle run test. The results of the study indicate that the level of physical fitness of students is in the moderate category with an average value of 14.40 and a percentage of 48%. Meanwhile, students' motor skills are also classified as moderate with an average value of 31 and a percentage of 52%. Overall, this study concludes that the level of physical fitness and motor skills of elementary school students are in the moderate category.

Dampak Keterbatasan Sarana Prasarana dan Kompetensi Guru terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran Penjas: Studi Kasus SD Sumedang

Diana Susilawati — 2025-12-31

This study aims to analyze how inadequate facilities and teachers’ professional competence affect the quality of Physical Education learning in elementary schools. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design involving the principal, Physical Education teachers, and students through structured interviews and direct observation. The findings reveal that insufficient facilities, such as damaged sports equipment and limited supporting infrastructure, serve as major obstacles in implementing effective learning. Furthermore, teachers’ professional competence, categorized as adequate, affects the variety of teaching methods, classroom management, and instructional innovation. Data analysis indicates that teacher creativity in modifying simple equipment becomes an adaptive strategy that helps maintain learning continuity, although it cannot fully overcome existing challenges. The discussion highlights that learning quality is influenced by the combination of both factors, where adequate facilities and optimal teacher competence are essential to achieving learning objectives. The study concludes that improving educational facilities and strengthening teacher competence are crucial for enhancing the overall quality of Physical Education learning.

Analisa Servis dalam Pertandingan Final Bola Voli Putra Pada Event Proliga

Muhammad Zaim Zen — 2025-12-31

PROLIGA is one of the professional volleyball events in Indonesia. Volleyball itself has entered the elite level of sports that are in high demand. Serving is one of the efforts or techniques used in volleyball. This study aims to analyse serves in competitive matches. The research method involved analysing every serve made in the 2023 PROLIGA Men's Volleyball Final through match observation on the official website. The serves analysed were successful serves, serve errors or serves out, and serve points. The success rate of serves in this final match was high, at around 73%, but the success rate of scoring points from serves was less than 17%. The conclusion from the results of this study is that failed serves and easy serves are the two biggest disadvantages in winning volleyball matches, especially at higher or professional levels of competition.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Metode Latihan Squat Jump dan Split Squat Jump terhadap Peningkatan Power Otot Tungkai

M. Adi Dwi Mutaqin — 2025-12-31

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effects of plyometric squat jump and split squat jump training methods on leg muscle power improvement in male athletes aged 11-13 years at SSB Satria Utama Jumantono, Karanganyar in 2025. The research sample consisted of 30 students from the SSB Satria Utama Jumantono club in Karanganyar. Sampling was conducted using random sampling techniques. The research variables were the test results and measurements of leg muscle power improvement with the influence of plyometric squat jump and split squat jump training as independent variables and leg muscle power improvement as a dependent variable. The research design used a pretest-posttest design. Tests to determine the increase in leg muscle power used tests and measurements of leg muscle power ability. The research data analysis method used the t-test formula calculated using a short formula. The results of the data analysis led to the following conclusions: (1) There was a significant difference between the effects of the Plyometric Squat Jump and Plyometric Split Squat Jump methods on the increase in leg muscle power in volleyball among male athletes aged 11-13 years at SSB Satria Utama Jumantono, Karanganyar in 2025. This is evidenced by the results of the final test calculations for each group, namely tcount = 2.816, which is smaller than ttable = 2.145 with a significance level of 5%. (2) The Plyometric Squat Jump method has a better effect than the Plyometric Split Squat Jump method on improving leg muscle power in volleyball among 11-13-year-old male athletes at SSB Satria Utama Jumantono, Karanganyar in 2025. Based on the percentage increase in leg muscle power in soccer, group 1 (the group treated with the Plyometric Squat Jump method) showed a 6.499% increase, while group 2 (the group treated with the Plyometric Split Squat Jump method) showed a 5.684% increase.

Manajemen Pembinaan Atlet Bulutangkis Kota Surakarta (Survei Terkait Persiapan Pekan Olahraga Provinsi Jawa Tengah 2026)

Revina Nuri Wardani — 2025-12-31

The aims of this research are (1) To find out the selection process for badminton athletes in Surakarta City, (2) To find out the training program implemented, (3) To find out the role of coaches, administrators and parents, (4) To find out the facilities and infrastructure, (5) To find out the level of technical, physical and mental readiness, (6) To find out government or sponsor support, (7) To find out the obstacles faced, and (8) To find out the evaluation and follow-up carried out. Data collection was carried out with collect data in study this is observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires for coaches, management, organizations and athletes. The approach used in study This is a mixed method, namely research that aims for get an overview of something current and current situation ongoing as well as centered on actual problems. Data collection was carried out with collect data in study this is observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires for coaches, management, organizations and athletes. The study involved 10 subjects, with the collected data analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques presented in the form of percentages and interview results. Based on the results of the analysis of the management of each questionnaire and interview with coaches, management, organizations and athletes, it was obtained that (1) The selection process for badminton athletes for the 2026 Central Java Provincial Games was carried out internally and fell into the "very good" category, (2) The training program implemented was running well and fell into the "very good" category, (3) The role of coaches, administrators and parents in improving athlete performance was running well and there was mutual communication, (4) Facilities and infrastructure in coaching were fulfilled by management, (5) The level of technical, physical and mental readiness of athletes had met the criteria desired by coaches, (6) The government (KONI) or sponsors supported the coaching of badminton in Surakarta City in facing the 2026 Central Java Provincial Games, (7) There were several obstacles faced in the athlete coaching process, (8) Evaluations were held periodically at least once every two weeks and follow-up was carried out after each stage of athlete coaching.

Pengaruh Media Alat Bantu terhadap Keterampilan Passing Bawah Bolavoli pada Pembelajaran PJOK

Mohammad Zaim Zen — 2025-12-31

This study aims to obtain information related to the effect of media tools on volleyball underhand passing. The method used is experimental research with a one-group pre-test post-test design, with a sample size of 65 students from junior high schools selected using purposive sampling. The procedure involved conducting a pre-test, treatment, post-test, and assessment of underhand passing using a modified Braddy Volley Ball Test. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and a paired T-test using SPSS calculations. The pre-test results fell into the poor category (46.16%). The post-test results fell into the good category (41.53%). Meanwhile, the difference test results showed that there was an effect on underhand passing skills based on the sig results. The conclusion is that teaching aids have a positive impact on volleyball underhand passing.

Upaya Peningkatan Ketepatan Shooting Flying Jump Shoot pada Atlet Bolatangan ABTI Kota Kediri melalui Permainan Target

Mokhammad Firdaus — 2025-12-31

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of jumpshoot shooting ability in handball games in ABTI Kediri City athletes. Through this study, it is expected to obtain accurate data on how much jump shoot shooting ability has increased through target games. This research method uses a descriptive statistical approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling, while data collection was carried out by testing jump shoot shooting abilities with target games and measurement tests. From these results, it was concluded that target training has a significant influence on the accuracy of handball athletes' flying shots. To determine the effect of target training, the average and the difference between the post-test and pre-test scores can be seen in the table above. It appears that the post-test score has a higher average than the pre-test score (66.96 > 53.16) with a difference of 13.8. Based on the description above, it shows that target training has an effect in the form of increasing the accuracy of flying shots in ABTI handball athletes in Kediri City. One of the effective shooting techniques for scoring goals in handball is the flying jump shoot. This shooting technique movement is carried out by the player jumping, then shooting or throwing the ball at the goal as hard as possible in order to score a goal. The results of the study concluded that the flying jump shoot is known to have a higher goal percentage than the standing throw shoot technique.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Guling Depan melalui Direct Instruction Visual di Kelas VII: Systematic Literature Review

Nur Padilah — 2025-12-31

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the direct instruction learning model combined with visual media in improving the learning outcomes of specific forward rolls in seventh-grade junior high school students. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, the author identified, evaluated, and synthesized relevant research results published in the last five years (2020–2024) using Google Scholar and Crossref databases. The search strategy was based on the PICO method and literature selection using the PRISMA flow. A total of seven articles were analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the application of direct instruction had a real impact on improving basic motor skills, especially when combined with the use of visual media such as demonstrative video displays, movement animations, and gradually arranged image illustrations. These findings reinforce the importance of explicit and multimodal learning strategies in physical education.

Gamifikasi Sepak Bola untuk Tingkatkan Keterlibatan dan Kinerja Motorik Siswa di SD Negeri 047176 Sirumbia

Janwar Frihasan Sinuraya — 2025-12-31

This research is motivated by the problem of low student active participation and suboptimal motor skill achievement in physical education learning, particularly soccer material in elementary schools. The conventional approach applied so far is considered ineffective in arousing student interest and motivation to learn. This condition indicates the urgency of innovative learning strategies that can create a more interesting and interactive learning atmosphere. Gamification, as a strategy that integrates game elements in an educational context, is a potential alternative solution. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of implementing gamification in soccer learning on improving student engagement and motor performance at SD Negeri 047176 Sirumbia. The method used was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. Data collection instruments included observations of student engagement, soccer motor skills tests, documentation, and supporting interviews. The results showed that gamification significantly increased student active engagement during learning and had a positive impact on motor performance, including coordination, agility, and movement control. In conclusion, gamification has been proven effective in improving student participation and motor skills. The implications of this research indicate that the integration of gamification in physical education can be an innovative and applicable strategy to create more meaningful and efficient learning at the elementary school level.

Pengaruh Latihan Sirkuit terhadap Peningkatan Tendangan Sabit Atlet Pencak Silat Kabupaten Balangan: Systematic Literature Review

Ahmad Juliansyah — 2025-12-31

This study aims to systematically analyze and synthesize various research findings regarding the effectiveness of circuit training models on improving sickle kick skills in pencak silat. The approach used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with data sources from Google Scholar and Crossref for the period 2019–2024. Article selection was carried out using the PRISMA method, and analysis was carried out using the PICO approach. The results of the review of 8 research articles showed that circuit training consistently improved leg muscle strength, agility, and accuracy of sickle kick techniques. The implications of these findings support the integration of circuit training into the physical training program of pencak silat athletes at the regional level, including Balangan Regency.

Pengaruh Jenis Latihan dan Usia terhadap Ketahanan Kardiorespirasi pada Atlet Sepak Bola

Agustanico Dwi Muryadi — 2025-12-31

This study aimed to examine the effects of different training methods and age groups on the cardiorespiratory endurance of soccer athletes. A quantitative experimental approach was employed using a 2×2×2 factorial design. The participants consisted of 32 football school athletes who were categorized based on training method, interval training and fartlek training, and age group, namely 12-year-old and 14-year-old athletes. Cardiorespiratory endurance was assessed using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) to determine VO₂max as an indicator of aerobic capacity. Data were collected through pretest and post-test measurements following a training program conducted over 16 sessions. Statistical analyses included tests of normality, homogeneity, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey HSD post hoc tests at a 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that interval training led to a greater improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance compared to fartlek training, with an increase of 6.27%. Moreover, athletes aged 14 years demonstrated higher improvements (5.43%) than those aged 12 years. A significant interaction between training method and age group was also identified. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate training methods and adjusting training programs according to athletes’ age to enhance cardiorespiratory endurance in football.

Latihan Berbasis Aplikatif terhadap Peningkatan Ketrampilan Passing Atas Bolavoli (Pengaruh Latihan Berpasangan dan Bermain) Atlet Putra Usia 15-17 Tahun

Aradea Alifah Nabila Ayuningtyas — 2025-12-31

The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) the difference in the effect of application-based training methods in volleyball on improving overhead passing skills (the effect of pair training and playing) in male athletes aged 15-17 years. 2) Which is better, the effect of pair training and playing on improving overhead passing skills in male athletes aged 15-17 years. The research sample consisted of 30 students. Sampling used a random sampling technique. The research design used a pretest-posttest design. The research data analysis method used a t-test formula calculated using a short formula. The results of the data analysis resulted in the following conclusions: (1) There are differences in the influence of application-based training methods in volleyball on improving overhead passing skills (the influence of pair training and playing) in male athletes aged 15-17 years at the SNJ Jenawi Karanganyar Volleyball Club in 2025. This is proven by the results of the final test calculations for each group, namely thitung = 3.174, which is greater than t tabel = 2.145 with a significance level of 5%. (2) The paired application-based training method has a better effect than the playing application-based training method on improving the overhead passing skills in volleyball games for male athletes aged 15-17 years at the SNJ Jenawi Karanganyar Volleyball Club in 2025. Based on the percentage of results, the improvement in overhead passing skills shows that group 1 (the group that received treatment using the paired application-based training method) was 21.835% > group 2 (the group that received treatment using the playing application-based training method) was 19.688%.