SPRINTER: Jurnal Ilmu Olahraga

Analisis Perbedaan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa SMK Bahrul Ulum dan MAN Kota Surabaya

Muhammad Nauval Zahy Latief — 2026-01-26

This research aims to find out the comparison between the physical fitness level of MAN Surabaya students and SMK Bahrul Ulum. This type of research is non-experimental with comparative design. The sample used was students from classes X and XI at MAN Surabaya and SMK Bahrul Ulum which totaled 128 students. Data collection using the PACER test. Data analysis applies descriptive statistics and t-tests. The findings of the study were a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The average VO2max value at MAN Surabaya is 1.22 while SMK Bahrul Ulum is 1.00 which means that MAN Surabaya has a better level of physical fitness than SMK Bahrul Ulum. The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference between the level of physical fitness of MAN Surabaya students and SMK Bahrul Ulum.

Analisis Filsafat Ilmu Keolahragaan dan Rekonstruksi Nilai Sportivitas dalam Peristiwa Kanjuruhan

Laras Fadhilah Putri — 2026-01-26

This study aims to analyze the nature of sports science and the deviation of sportsmanship values in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy through the perspective of philosophy of science. The focus of the study is directed at three philosophical foundations, namely ontology, epistemology, and axiology, to understand the gap between the ideal concept of sports and the reality of match organization practices. This study employs a qualitative descriptive design using a literature review approach. Data were gathered from scientific journals, official reports, regulations, and other documents relevant to the research focus. The collected information was analyzed through several stages, including data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The findings reveal that the three philosophical foundations of science in the field of sports have not yet been consistently reflected in real sports practices. Ontologically, sports have been narrowed down to mere competition. Epistemologically, scientific knowledge about safety and match management is not optimally applied. Axiologically, moral values such as sportsmanship, fair play, and respect for human dignity are not well internalized. The Kanjuruhan tragedy is clear evidence of the discrepancy between the ideal concept of sports and the reality on the field. The deviation from the value of sportsmanship, the excessive use of force by the police and the Indonesian National Armed Forces, weak match management, and the large number of casualties show that human values and the basic principles of sports have not been made the main foundation. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the philosophical foundation of science, improve scientific competence, and internalize moral values to realize safe, ethical, and humane sports practices in accordance with the essence of sports science.

Hubungan Konsumsi Junk Food dan Kebiasaan Tidur dengan Status Gizi Siswa SMP di Surabaya

Nikmatul Islamiah — 2026-02-07

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between junk food consumption and sleep habits with the nutritional status of students at SMPN 35 Surabaya. The research method used is a correlational approach with an Ex Post Facto design. The research sample was obtained using a cluster random sampling method, resulting in 257 respondents, consisting of 132 males and 125 females. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire that had undergone a validity test, with 23 statements declared valid (r-count ≥ r-table 0.1224), and a reliability test with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.576. Nutritional status was determined using BMI/age standards. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test, and processed with the help of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between junk food consumption and the nutritional status of students at SMPN 35 Surabaya (p=0.005 < 0.05). In contrast, sleep habits showed no significant association (p=0.178 > 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that junk food consumption more dominantly affects students' nutritional status than sleep habits. These results can help schools in making healthy canteen policies and provide nutrition education for students and parents.

Analisis Deskriptif Gaya Mengajar Guru PJOK serta Tingkat Kebugaran Aerobik (PACER Test) Siswa Kelas IX di SMP Negeri se-Kecamatan Wiyung Surabaya

Amalia Tazkiyah — 2026-02-07

This study aims to describe the teaching styles of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) teachers and the aerobic fitness levels of ninth-grade students based on the results of the PACER Test at public junior high schools in the Wiyung District of Surabaya. The study used a quantitative descriptive approach with research locations at Public Junior High Schools 34, 51, and 59 in Surabaya. The research subjects consisted of 85 ninth-grade students and three PJOK teachers selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included a Likert scale questionnaire on PJOK teachers' teaching styles to identify teaching style tendencies and the PACER Test to measure students' aerobic fitness levels. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of scores, percentages, and radar diagram visualizations. The results showed that the teaching styles of PE teachers at SMP Negeri 34 and SMP Negeri 51 were dominated by the command style, while those at SMP Negeri 59 tended to use the student-initiated style. However, the PACER Test results at all three schools showed that the majority of students were in the “very poor” aerobic fitness category. These findings indicate that differences in teaching styles have not been accompanied by optimal levels of students' aerobic fitness. Therefore, more varied PJOK learning is needed, oriented towards intensive physical activity and supported by students' physical activity habits outside of class hours.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Squat dan Lunges dengan Metode Set terhadap Tinggi Lompatan Pemain Bolavoli

Abdul Jadid — 2026-02-17

This study aimed to analyze the differences in the effects of squat and lunge exercises performed using the set method on improvements in vertical jump performance among male volleyball players. The research employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest two-group design involving 20 participants aged 12–15 years, who were divided into a squat group and a lunge group. The training program was conducted for 7 weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week, and vertical jump height was measured using the Sargent Jump Test. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests with the aid of SPSS software at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results indicated significant improvements in both groups, with the squat group showing an increase of 3.15 cm (Sig. = 0.000) and the lunge group an increase of 3.65 cm (Sig. = 0.000). However, no statistically significant difference was found between groups (Sig. = 0.237), although descriptively the lunge group demonstrated greater mean improvement (3.65 cm vs. 3.15 cm). In conclusion, both exercises were effective in enhancing vertical jump performance through neuromuscular adaptations, with lunges showing a descriptive advantage due to their unilateral nature that supports functional balance. It is recommended that both exercises be combined in volleyball training programs.

Pengaruh Metode Motor Educability terhadap Kemampuan Teknik Dasar Futsal pada Ekstrakurikuler di SMA Negeri 1 Anjatan

Titin Sri Lani — 2026-02-20

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the motor educability method on improving basic futsal technique skills in extracurricular activities of SMA Negeri 1 Anjatan students. The research method used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design model on 32 students who participated in futsal extracurriculars. The research instrument used the Iowa Brace Test to measure motor educability and the FIFA standard test to measure basic futsal technique skills which include passing, ball control, dribbling, and shooting. The treatment program was carried out for 2 weeks with an intensity of 6 times per week and a duration of 90 minutes per session. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test with a significance level of α=0.05. The results showed a significant increase in all components of the basic futsal technique with a significance value of p<0.001. Total basic engineering skills increased by 31.17% from an average of 69.47 to 91.13. The highest increase occurred in dribbling (34.93%), followed by ball control (32.75%), shooting (31.11%), and passing (26.67%). The conclusion of this study shows that the motor educability method has a very significant influence on improving the basic futsal technique skills of high school students.

Pengembangan Model Bungge Cord Training pada Cabang Olahraga Bolavoli

Rayfal Fahmi Paturohman — 2026-02-27

This study aimed to develop a Bungee Cord Training exercise model and examine its feasibility and effectiveness in improving the jumping performance of volleyball athletes. The background of this research was based on the low vertical jump ability of athletes, which affected the effectiveness of smash and blocking techniques. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research participants were volleyball athletes involved in the trial of the developed training model. Research instruments included expert validation sheets and a vertical jump test to measure athletes’ jumping performance before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed descriptively to assess product feasibility and compared to determine training effectiveness. The results indicated that the Bungee Cord Training model was considered feasible based on expert and coach evaluations. Furthermore, the implementation of the training model resulted in improved jumping performance. Therefore, Bungee Cord Training can be used as an innovative and applicable alternative physical training method in volleyball athlete development.

Analisis Respons Fisiologis melalui Indikator Waktu Pemulihan dan Saturasi Oksigen pada Atlet Pencak Silat Berbasis Sistem Pemantauan Terintegrasi

Gatot Margisal Utomo — 2026-03-03

This study aimed to analyze the physiological responses of pencak silat athletes through the indicators of recovery time and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) using an integrated physiological monitoring system. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed with 30 athletes as participants. Each athlete followed a controlled high-intensity training program while physiological data were collected in real-time to assess bodily adaptation to training load. Results showed a significant reduction in recovery time from an average of 183 ± 15 seconds to 152 ± 12 seconds, alongside a stable increase in SpO₂ from 96 ± 1.2% to 97 ± 1%. These findings indicate that high-intensity training with physiological monitoring can improve cardiac recovery efficiency and maintain oxygenation stability. The study highlights the importance of individualized training programs based on real-time data to optimize athlete performance and minimize overtraining risks. In conclusion, the integrated monitoring system is effective in measuring physiological adaptation of pencak silat athletes to high-intensity training programs, providing a scientific basis for more personalized and data-driven training strategies.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Constraint-Led Approach dalam Meningkatkan Efektivitas Teknik Servis Atas pada Mata Kuliah Permainan Bolavoli

Ismawandi Bripandika Putra — 2026-03-05

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Constraint-Led Approach (CLA) learning model in improving overhand service skills in a volleyball course. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group design was employed. The participants were undergraduate students in a Physical Education program, divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction using the CLA model, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. The research instrument was a validated volleyball overhand service skill test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an Independent Sample T-Test. The results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. The posttest mean score of the experimental group was higher, and the statistical analysis showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the Constraint-Led Approach is effective in enhancing students’ overhand service skills. In conclusion, CLA can be considered an effective and innovative learning model for teaching volleyball skills in higher education settings.

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Biometrik Olahraga untuk Memantau Adaptasi Fisiologis Atlet Bulutangkis Selama Latihan Intensitas Tinggi

Muhammad Wahyono — 2026-03-05

This study aims to examine the utilization of sports biometric technology to monitor physiological adaptations in badminton athletes during high-intensity training. A quasi-experimental research design with a pretest–posttest model was applied to 30 badminton athletes who participated in a structured high-intensity training program. Physiological parameters observed included resting heart rate, recovery time, and heart rate variability, which were recorded using an integrated wearable-based physiological monitoring system. Data were collected before and after the training intervention period and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical approaches to identify changes in physiological adaptation. The results demonstrated significant improvements in athletes’ physiological adaptation following high-intensity training, indicated by reduced recovery time, enhanced cardiovascular response efficiency, and improved heart rate stability after exercise. These findings suggest that sports biometric technology provides objective and real-time insights into athletes’ physiological responses throughout the training process. In conclusion, the application of sports biometric technology is effective as a supportive tool for monitoring the physical condition of badminton athletes and serves as a data-driven basis for coaches in optimizing training load management with greater precision.

Pengembangan Model Turnamen Game Menyenangkan untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Performa Pemain Tenis Menengah

2026-03-05

The problem addressed in this study arises from intermediate-level tennis training sessions that tend to be repetitive and lack variation, leading to boredom, decreased motivation, and stagnant performance among players. This condition is further exacerbated by the limited integration of social and psychological aspects within conventional training methods. The purpose of this study is to design and evaluate the Fun Games Tournament (FGT) model as a more innovative and engaging training approach to enhance players’ motivation and performance. The research employed a 3D development model (Define, Design, Develop), which included needs analysis, model design, and development followed by expert validation using the Delphi technique. Content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V, while reliability was measured through Cronbach’s Alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The findings indicate that the FGT model demonstrates high validity (V = 0.80–0.95) and acceptable reliability (α = 0.606; ICC = 0.637; p = 0.010). Therefore, the FGT model is considered feasible and effective for improving motivation and performance in intermediate tennis players.

Daya Tahan Atlet Muda di Balik Prestasi: Profil VO₂Max Pemain Sepak Bola Klub Perslotim U-17

Muhammad Teguh Prasetyo — 2026-03-06

This study aims to determine and describe the aerobic capacity profile (VO₂Max) of Perslotim U-17 soccer players as an indicator of the cardiorespiratory endurance of young athletes. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a test and measurement design. The study population consisted of 50 male athletes aged 16–17 years, selected using a total sampling technique. The instrument used was the Beep Test (multistage fitness test) to measure VO₂Max. Data were analyzed by calculating the mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation values, then classified into cardiorespiratory endurance categories based on aerobic fitness norms for adolescent athletes. The results showed that the majority of athletes were in the average (46%) and good (32%) categories, with a small portion in the sufficient (16%), poor (4%), and very good (2%) categories. There were no athletes in the very poor or extraordinary categories. These findings indicate that the players' aerobic capacity is sufficient to support training and match activities, but still has room for improvement. In conclusion, the cardiorespiratory endurance of Perslotim U-17 players is at a fair to good level, so it is recommended to implement a more structured and sustainable aerobic training program to improve the athletes' performance and achievements in the future.

Efektivitas Kombinasi Massage dan Passive Stretching terhadap DOMS dan Fleksibilitas Otot Hamstring

Yohan Adi Satria — 2026-03-07

This study examined whether massage and passive stretching reduced Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and improved hamstring flexibility in Klinik Utama Satu Sehat Semarang patients. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest approach was employed with 20 purposively selected individuals. The VAS rated DOMS intensity and the Sit and Reach Test tested flexibility. The data was analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and paired sample t-test (α = 0.05). There was a substantial decrease in DOMS severity from 6.12 to 2.85 (p < 0.05) and an increase in hamstring flexibility from 23.40 to 30.60 cm (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Massage and passive stretching alleviate DOMS and increase hamstring flexibility.

Analisis Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Bolavoli: Studi Empiris pada Siswa Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bolavoli di SMA Negeri 1 Ceper

Zulva Bayu Indra — 2026-03-09

This study aims to determine the level of basic volleyball skills of students participating in extracurricular activities at SMA Negeri 1 Ceper using a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey method. The research subjects consisted of 20 male students who actively participated in extracurricular activities and were determined using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using a basic volleyball skills test. The data were analysed descriptively by calculating the mean and standard deviation, then classified into five assessment categories. The results showed that the mean scores for underhand passing (87.70), overhand passing (87.35), overhand serve (21.55), and smash (18.80) were in the moderate category. These findings indicate that the students' mastery of basic techniques is not yet optimal and requires reinforcement through a systematically designed and continuous training programme, as emphasised in previous studies on the importance of technical training in volleyball extracurricular activities.

Efektifitas Exercise Interval Training terhadap Endurance Cardiovascular pada Atlet Futsal Sayan Futsal Family Academy U-23

Mochamad Qesha Arief — 2026-03-10

This research was designed to investigate the impact of interval training on improving the aerobic endurance of SFF Academy futsal athletes. The study was initiated due to the observation that several players exhibited relatively low aerobic capacity, which contributed to decreased physical performance during matches. To address this issue, in order to conduct an experiment, the researcher used a one-group pretest–posttest design involving 20 SFF Academy athletes as participants. Aerobic endurance was measured using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test before and after the implementation of the interval training program. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, including normality and homogeneity tests. A paired sample t-test was then used to evaluate the data at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the mean Yo-Yo Test score improved from 14.50 in the pretest to 16.44 in the posttest. Statistical analysis confirmed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous, and the findings of the pretest and posttest differed statistically significantly, as evidenced by a 0.000 significance level (p < 0.05). Based on these results, interval training appears to significantly improve the aerobic endurance of SFF Academy futsal athletes and is therefore appropriate to be implemented in futsal physical training programs.

Pengembangan Alat Latihan Scanning untuk Latihan Keterampilan Menerima Bola pada Sepak Bola Usia Muda

Dwi Kurnia Shandy — 2026-03-13

This study designs Scapa Pro as an innovative solution to enhance passing quality through the integration of field-scanning drills. Utilizing the systematic phases of the ADDIE model, this tool was developed to sharpen players' spatial awareness prior to receiving the ball. Field findings confirm that the implementation of Scapa Pro has a positive impact on players' ability to identify passing options swiftly and accurately. Practically, this research offers a new reference in basic technique development capable of improving on-field performance efficiency.

Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Daya Tahan Kardiovaskular

Sandi Prayudho — 2026-03-15

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and cardiovascular endurance among students of the Sport Science Study Program at Singaperbangsa University, Karawang. The background of this study is based on the importance of cardiovascular fitness as an indicator of health and physical performance, as well as the increasing variability of nutritional status among students due to lifestyle changes. This study used a correlational design with purposive sampling, involving 30 students aged 18–25 years who met the inclusion criteria regarding health conditions and readiness to participate in fitness testing. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured through height and weight assessments, while cardiovascular endurance was evaluated using a bleep test to obtain aerobic capacity scores. Descriptive results showed that the students' endurance levels were categorized as fair to good, with an average score of 8.43 ± 0.917. Meanwhile, the average BMI was 21.91 ± 3.28, categorized as normal, although the range indicates variations in nutritional status from underweight to overweight. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between BMI and cardiovascular endurance (r = 0.401; p = 0.031). This finding suggests that changes in BMI contribute to variations in students' endurance, particularly in the context of exercise science students who tend to have higher muscle mass, meaning that increased BMI may reflect greater muscle mass than fat mass. This study emphasizes that BMI remains relevant as a baseline indicator for assessing students' cardiovascular capacity, although its interpretation should be accompanied by more specific body composition measurements.

Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dengan Efektivitas Pembelajaran PJOK di SMP Negeri Nganjuk

Andry Widiatmoko — 2026-03-15

The study aims to examine the relationship between students’ learning motivation and the effectiveness of PE learning at SMP Negeri 7 Nganjuk. Learning motivation is viewed as an important psychological factor that encourages students’ engagement, persistence, and sustained participation in the PJOK learning process. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research population consisted of 857 students of SMP Negeri 7 Nganjuk, with a sample of 92 students determined through accidental sampling techniques. The research instruments were questionnaires measuring learning motivation and PE learning effectiveness, which were adapted from previous studies and had been confirmed to be valid and reliable. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics with the Spearman Rank Correlation test, as one of the variables was not normally distributed. The results indicate a positive and significant correlation between students’ learning motivation and the effectiveness of PE learning, with a correlation coefficient of 0.432 and a significance value of 0.00. These findings suggest that increases in students’ learning motivation are accompanied by improvements in the effectiveness of PJOK learning. The results emphasize the importance of developing instructional strategies that enhance learning motivation to support the effectiveness of PE learning at the junior high school level.

Pengaruh Modifikasi Permainan Bola Besar Sepak Bola terhadap Motivasi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PJOK

Muhammad Iqbal Maulana — 2026-03-15

The purpose of this study was to investigate how students' learning motivation in physical education (PJOK) was affected by changing big ball games using a Small-Sided Games (SSG) strategy. The study used a pretest–posttest control group design and a quantitative experimental method. 59 seventh-grade students participated in the study, which was carried out at SMP Negeri 59 Surabaya. There were 30 students in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. While the control group was instructed using traditional teaching techniques, the experimental group was taught football through modified small-sided games. A motivation questionnaire modified from other studies was used to gauge students' motivation for studying. Descriptive statistics, Levene's homogeneity test, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test were all used in the data analysis. Following the use of the SSG strategy, students in the experimental group demonstrated a considerable increase in learning desire; paired sample analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Additionally, posttest results showed that learning motivation differed significantly between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that small-sided games are a useful teaching method for raising students' motivation to study in physical education. In order to facilitate meaningful learning experiences in PJOK, the study highlights the significance of student-centered and game-based learning methodologies. References, tables, graphs, and a motivation questionnaire are used as supporting materials in this article.

Analisis Kemampuan Motorik Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Pola Bermain pada Anak Usia 12-15 tahun

Armada Yusuf Fadillah — 2026-03-16

The development of motor skills in early adolescence is crucial for supporting physical activity and health. However, play patterns are increasingly shifting toward technology use, potentially affecting movement quality. This study aims to analyze differences in motor skills based on play patterns and to evaluate the relationship between play patterns and motor skills. This research employed a quantitative method with a comparative descriptive design involving 90 adolescent samples selected via purposive sampling from a population of 211 students at SMP Labschool Unesa. Data were collected using motor tests and questionnaires. The Kruskal-Wallis test results (0.153) indicated no significant difference in motor skills based on play patterns. Meanwhile, the Eta test results with play patterns as the dependent variable (η = 0.991) and total motor skills as the dependent variable (η = 0.221) demonstrated that motor skills have a weak relationship with play patterns, whereas play patterns serve as a strong predictor for motor skills. The study concludes that while play patterns do not yield significant differences in motor skill levels, a balance of play activities remains necessary to support adolescent motor development.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Digital (Flipbook) pada Materi Teknik Dasar Smash dalam Pembelajaran Sepak Takraw

Kadek Yudiawan — 2026-03-17

This study aims to produce digital-based teaching materials in the form of flipbooks on the basic smash technique material in Sepak Takraw learning. Flipbook media was chosen because it is able to combine various multimedia elements, such as text, images, videos, audio visuals, and interactive quizzes in one learning platform. The process of developing teaching materials was carried out by referring to the ADDIE model which includes five stages (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation).” Furthermore, the subjects of this study were 5th semester students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation Study Program, Faculty of Sports and Health, Ganesha University of Education. Product trials were conducted through individual trials involving 3 students, small group trials of 7 students, and large group trials involving 20 students. The results of the validation data analysis showed a feasibility level from material content experts of 100%, learning design experts of 87%, learning media experts of 97%, and field practitioner experts of 94%. Meanwhile, the results of the trial with students showed a feasibility percentage of 94% in individual trials, 95% in small group trials, and 89% in large group trials. Thus, the flipbook-based digital teaching material on the basic smash technique material in Sepak Takraw learning is declared to be in the very good category and very suitable for use. To the lecturers in charge of the Sepak Takraw Learning TP course, digital-based teaching materials in the form of flipbooks can be used as supporting media to facilitate the learning process, especially on the basic smash technique material.

Evaluasi Program Pembinaan Latihan Pencak Silat di UKM PSHT UNESA

2026-03-17

Sports development programs in higher education institutions have distinct characteristics compared to professional clubs or training centers, thus requiring systematic and contextual program evaluation. The Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate (PSHT) Student Activity Unit at Universitas Negeri Surabaya plays a strategic role in developing students’ achievements in pencak silat. However, the effectiveness of the implemented training program needs to be examined empirically to ensure program quality and sustainability. This study aimed to evaluate the pencak silat training development program of the PSHT Student Activity Unit at Universitas Negeri Surabaya using the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product). A descriptive evaluative approach was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 30 athletes, one coach, and one student organization leader as key informants, and were complemented by interviews. Quantitative descriptive analysis was applied to questionnaire data and reinforced by qualitative analysis of interview results. The findings indicate that, overall, the PSHT training development program at Universitas Negeri Surabaya was categorized as very good. The context and process components achieved very good ratings, reflecting clear program objectives and effective training implementation. Meanwhile, the input and product components were rated as good, indicating that resources and performance outcomes supported the program, although further optimization is required. These findings confirm the effectiveness of the CIPP model as an evaluation tool for sports development programs in higher education settings.

Analisis Faktor Penghambat Pembelajaran Bola Voli Mini pada Siswa Kelas IV dan V Sekolah Dasar

A. Jalil — 2026-03-17

This study aims to identify and analyze the inhibiting factors of fourth and fifth grade students in learning mini volleyball at SDIT Pangarangan Sumenep. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects were 51 students who were determined through a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a closed questionnaire that had undergone content validity and reliability tests with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.872. The instrument included internal factors (psychological and physical) as well as external factors (social, environmental, and cultural). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with a percentage technique. The results showed that the dominant obstacles were found in internal factors, especially physical (59%) and psychological (51%) indicators. In external factors, social indicators showed obstacles of 57%, while environmental indicators were relatively lower (45%). These findings indicate that learning obstacles are multidimensional and influenced by the interaction of individual student readiness and learning environment support. This study provides practical implications for physical education teachers to modify learning tools and approaches that are more adaptive in order to improve the effectiveness of mini volleyball learning in elementary schools.

Analisis Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Ditinjau melalui Sedentary Lifestyle

Dina Fatmasari — 2026-03-17

This study aims to determine the physical fitness of 11th grade students majoring in Film at SMK Negeri 1 Ngasem, Kediri City, in terms of their sedentary lifestyle. This study is a correlational study that applies a quantitative descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique. The sample was determined using total sampling, consisting of 110 students. The research instruments used were the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN) and the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, and Spearman's rho correlation test. Based on the results of the Spearman correlation test, a significance value of 0.947 (p > 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of -0.006 was obtained, indicating no significant relationship between sedentary lifestyle and students' physical fitness. This is because students spend 2–5 hours/day on activities such as sitting for long periods of time, using gadgets, playing games, and watching television. It can be concluded that even though the relationship between sedentary lifestyle and physical fitness is not significant, efforts to increase students' physical activity through PJOK learning and extracurricular activities are still needed on an ongoing basis to support the improvement of students' physical fitness.

Aplikasi Pembelajaran Mobile Berbasis Android sebagai Media Pendukung Pembelajaran Bola Voli: Studi Pengembangan Model 4D

Rizal Ardiansyah — 2026-03-18

This study aimed to develop an Android-based learning application to support volleyball courses in higher education using the 4D development model consisting of define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving 64 students from a Physical Education program. Research instruments included expert validation sheets for content and media, student feasibility questionnaires, and learning outcome tests in the form of pretests and posttests. The results of expert validation indicated that the application was highly feasible, achieving an average score of 89% in both material and media aspects. Student usability testing showed a feasibility level of 86%, indicating that the application was practical and user-friendly. Learning effectiveness analysis revealed a significant improvement in student achievement, with the average pretest score increasing from 54.53 to 83.34 in the posttest. The paired sample t-test produced a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), confirming the effectiveness of the application in enhancing learning outcomes. Therefore, the developed Android-based learning application is appropriate and effective as a supplementary medium for volleyball instruction in higher education.

Hubungan antara Mental Toughness dan Competitive Anxiety pada Atlet Taekwondo Pegasus Indonesia di Kota Jambi

Anjar Kinanti — 2026-03-19

The study aims to analyze the relationship between mental toughness and competitive anxiety in Indonesian Pegasus Taekwondo athletes in Jambi City. This study used a quantitative method with a correlational design. The study sample consisted of 22 athletes selected using a total sampling technique. The mental toughness instrument refers to the concept developed by Daniel F. Gucciardi, while competitive anxiety was measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed that the athletes' mental toughness level was in the moderate category with a mean value of 102.05 and a standard deviation of 4.27. Meanwhile, the level of competitive anxiety was also in the moderate category with a mean of 47.6 and a standard deviation of 5.195. The results of the normality test showed that the data were normally distributed (Asymp. Sig = 0.200 > 0.05). The correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between mental toughness and competitive anxiety. This means that the higher the athlete's mental toughness, the lower the level of competition anxiety they experienced. This finding confirms the importance of developing psychological aspects in improving the performance of taekwondo athletes.

Korelasi Tingkat Status Gizi terhadap Tingkat Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi pada Peserta Didik SMP Negeri Surabaya

Tsarwah Mahdiyyah — 2026-03-20

Cardiorespiratory fitness is one of the main components of physical fitness that is important for the body, using Vo2Max as a measurement tool. Cardiorespiratory fitness is influenced by several things such as physical activity, age, and BMI. Nutritional status is used to anticipate excess or deficiency of nutritional status, this is certainly interrelated with cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status levels and cardiorespiratory fitness levels in class VIII at SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The population and sample used are students of SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya with a population of 793, which then uses purposive sampling as a data collection technique with a sample size of 85 respondents. The instrument to assess fitness is the PACER test, while the measuring tool for nutritional status is BMI/U. Hypothesis testing uses the Spearman's Rank Order correlation test. The results of implementing the majority of students have a very low level of fitness in cardiorespiratory fitness (82.4%). While the level of nutritional status shows that the majority of nutrition (62.4%) is good. The results of the study, when analyzed using BMI and inverse, indicated a relationship of -0.340 (P-value 0.001), but when using fitness and nutritional status, there was no significance.

Hubungan Stres Akademik, Kualitas Tidur, dan Rasa Kehadiran di Kampus terhadap Gejala Depresi pada Mahasiswa Prodi Penjaskesrek Universitas PGRI Sumenep

Moh. Junaidi — 2026-03-17

The purpose of this final project research is to analyse the relationship between academic stress, sleep quality, sense of belonging on campus, and symptoms of depression among students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation Study Programme at PGRI University Sumenep. Furthermore, this study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design and utilises Structural Equation Modelling analysis through Partial Least Squares. Data collection was conducted on 250 students using stratified random sampling techniques. The results indicate that academic stress has a positive effect on depressive symptoms, while sleep quality and campus belonging act as mediators, thereby mitigating the negative impact of stress on depressive symptoms. The implication of these findings is that higher stress tends to exacerbate symptoms of depression, while sleep quality and social attachment to campus are able to mediate its impact. The principles of stress management are also discussed, emphasising the importance of improving sleep quality and social attachment to campus in order to reduce the strong negative impact of stress on symptoms of depression.

Hubungan Physical Literacy terhadap Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 6 Kota Jambi

Nala Ambarwati — 2026-03-25

This study was designed to identify the physical capacity of eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 6 Jambi City and to examine its relationship with their physical fitness levels. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select 59 students who met the predetermined criteria. Physical literacy was measured using the Adolescent Physical Literacy Questionnaire (validity 0.680–0.790; reliability α = 0.951), and physical fitness was assessed using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN) with a validity of 0.76. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test via SPSS version 21. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between the two variables. Most students fell into the Moderate (34.5%) category for physical literacy and the Sufficient (35.6%) category for physical fitness. A correlation coefficient of r = 0.548 (p = 0.000 < 0.05) confirms that strengthening physical literacy through well-structured and engaging physical education learning can meaningfully contribute to improving students' fitness.

Analisis Tingkat Kepercayaan Diri dan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Atlet Renang saat Bertanding Krapprov JATENG 2025

Ajenia Dona Novita — 2026-03-25

This study aims to determine the levels of self-confidence and anxiety of swimming athletes during the Central Java InterClub Swimming Championship (Krapprov) 2025. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey design. The participants consisted of 30 swimming athletes who competed in the Central Java Krapprov, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using self-confidence and anxiety questionnaires adapted from previous studies. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, including minimum and maximum scores, mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. The results revealed that the athletes’ self-confidence level was predominantly categorized as low (40.01%), with a mean score of 111.17 and a standard deviation of 11.507. Meanwhile, the level of anxiety was mainly categorized as moderate (50.00%), with a mean score of 18.27 and a standard deviation of 5.638. These findings indicate that although most athletes experienced moderate anxiety, low selfconfidence remains the primary psychological challenge that may affect athletic performance during competition.

Analisis Kesiapan Fungsional Gerak Atlet Rugby Kabupaten Karawang Berdasarkan Functional Movement Screen

Ninda Sugi Nur Diyanti — 2026-03-26

This study aims to analyze the functional movement readiness of rugby athletes in Karawang Regency using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) method as a basis for evaluating potential injury risk. This research used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach and an observational research design. The population consisted of 32 rugby athletes from Karawang Regency, and the sampling technique used was total sampling. The research instrument used the Functional Movement Screen test consisting of seven movement components: deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the mean, minimum, and maximum scores of FMS. The results showed that the average FMS score of rugby athletes was 12.78 with a minimum score of 8 and a maximum score of 18. Based on the interpretation category of FMS scores, several athletes were categorized as having a moderate injury risk. The deep squat and active straight leg raise components had the highest average scores, while trunk stability push-up and rotary stability showed lower average scores. It can be concluded that the functional movement readiness of rugby athletes in Karawang Regency still needs improvement, particularly in core stability and movement control to minimize injury risk.

Model Pembinaan Pencak Silat di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur Tahun 2020-2025

Brahmana Rangga Prastyana — 2026-03-27

This study aims to analyze the development of Pencak Silat coaching models in Indonesia for the 2020-2025 period through a systematic literature review. The research design employs a systematic review method following the PRISMA guidelines to ensure transparency and replicability of the process. Data sources and search strategy include scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and SINTA, using keyword combinations like "pencak silat coaching model" and Boolean operators. A systematic article screening process was applied, starting from 106 identified records and proceeding through stages of deduplication, relevance screening, and a quality assessment using a scoring system, culminating in 18 final articles meeting the criteria. The data synthesis process involved extracting and thematically analyzing key information from the selected articles, such as objectives, methods, and findings. The results reveal that the research landscape remains dominated by fragmented, evaluative approaches, with infrastructure limitations, coach capacity, and non-technical aspects as primary challenges. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need to develop a holistic and contextually appropriate coaching model, supported by applicable policy frameworks for the sustainability of Pencak Silat development.

Pengaruh Active Learning Method terhadap Peningkatan Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Karate

Gholiyah Puteri Virgie — 2026-03-27

This study aims to explore the impact of Active Learning methods on improving the physical fitness of students participating in karate extracurricular activities at MTSN 3 Sidoarjo. This study applies a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using the One Group PreTest- PostTest model. A total of 26 students who actively participated in karate extracurricular activities were used as research samples. The instrument used was the Multistage Fitness Test to measure VO2Max as an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test was performed because the Pre-Test data was not normally distributed. The results of this study showed a significant increase in VO2Max values, where the pre-test median of 27.95 increased to 36.00 in the post-test. The Wilcoxon test produced a p-value < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between before and after the treatment. These findings indicate that the Active Learning method is able to increase student engagement in exercises so that they do not feel bored, thereby having a positive effect on improving physical fitness. Thus, the Active Learning method can be used as an effective alternative in teaching extracurricular sports activities, especially karate.

Analisisis Statistik Pertandingan Tim Juara Basket Putra Universitas Semarang pada Pertandingan Soegijapranata Basketball League 2026

Aulia Adinda Safitri — 2026-03-27

Currently, the context of competitions, especially basketball championships, is in need of data used to evaluate player performance by using statistics from ongoing matches. The purpose of this study is to analyze the match data of the Semarang University Men’s Basketball Team in the 2026 Soegijapranata Basketball League Championship. The method applied in this study is a descriptive quantitative method using a statistical document analysis approach with data sourced from FIBA Livestats. The data obtained was from five matches that took place from February 4 - 14, 2026, so the analysis results showed that factors in the form of internal factors, namely the team’s drive to defend and control field goals through rebound efficiency, which is categorized as high. In addition, the players also showed discipline in terms of field goals efficiency, which was 83,3% categorized as medium overall. However, efficiency in turnover was one of the main weaknesses, with an efficiency of 66,7% categorized as medium. Indirectly, although the players have a solid defense and ball management, they still need to strengthen their accuracy in three-point shots and balance the point contributions among players to improve their performance.